International advanced three control mpd drilling system
目前国际上对控压钻井研究很多，形成商业化产品、能够进行现场
施工服务的主要有Halliburloll公司的动态压力控制系统(DA PC精细控压钻井系统)、Weatherford公司的Secure Drilling系统(精细流量控制系统)和Schlumberger公司的自动节流控压钻井系统。
At present, there are many research on controlling drilling in the world. Construction services are mainly HalliburLoll's dynamic pressure control system (DA Managed pressure drilling), Weatherford's Secure Drilling system (managed pressure drilling) and Schlumberger's automatic flow control drilling system.
Weatherford公司Secure Drilling 系统
Weatherford Secure Drilling system
Secure Drilling系统最早称之为"徽流髦'控制系统( MicroFluxControl-MFC) "后暂主Weatherford公司收购， 2(110年获得《勘探与开发》(E & P) 杂志评选的血世界十大石油工程技术创衍将圳桨" 。该系统的优势在于对传统钻井工艺设计和钻机仅需较小改动，系统可快速l航测出钻井液溺失蜜和地层流体的涌入量， 并能有放对其采取相应的处理措施，使流体溢出、漏失量最小。从而有效地降低钻井费用、提高钻井效率和钻井安全性。
The Secure Drilling system was first called For the 'Micro Flux' control system Control-MFC) "Acquired by Weatherford Corporation,2 (110 years Exploration &Development (E&P) magazine's Top 10 Petroleum Engineering Technology Innovators". The advantage of the system is that only minor changes are required to the traditional drilling process design and drilling rig, and the system can quickly measure the amount of honey loss and formation fluid influx of drilling fluid, and can take corresponding treatment measures to minimize fluid overflow and leakage. This effectively reduces drilling costs, improves drilling efficiency and drilling safety.
微流量控制系统为提高钻井效率、降低作业费用、提高钻井作业的安全性而研发。该技术不仅可用于普通井，还可用于复杂井和高风险井，如高温高压井和窄泥浆密度窗口井。微流量控制技术通过实时监测井筒参数、控制环空压力和提供自动地溢流监测和控制的方式，切实地提高钻井安全位。该技术最独特的特征是它通过高精度的流量测量仪测量返回物流量的能力，并可在-分钟内完成对溢流和溺失的分析、检测和控制， 使井眼内溢流流体或游失钻井液的体积最小。由于微流量控制技术可使钻井风险和非生产时间降至最小，并能最大程度地保证钻井的安全性和可行性， 因此绝大多数井都可获得收益。而对风险井、复杂井(高温高压井、窄密度窗口井)更是，可获得相当可观的收益。
The microflow control system is used to improve drilling efficiencyRate, reduce operating costs, improve the safety of drilling operations. This technology can be used not only for ordinary wells, but also for complex wells and high-risk wells, such as high-temperature and high-pressure wells and narrow mud density window wells. Microflow control technology effectively improves drilling safety by monitoring wellbore parameters in real time, controlling annular air pressure, and providing automatic overflow monitoring and control. The most unique feature of this technology is its ability to measure the flow of return material through a high-precision flow meter and to analyze, detect and control overflow and drowning in -minutes, minimizing the volume of overflow fluid or lost drilling fluid in the borehole. Because microflow control technology minimizes drilling risk and non-productive time, and maximizes the safety and feasibility of drilling, the vast majority of wells reap benefits. For risk wells and complex wells (high temperature and high pressure wells, narrow density window wells), considerable benefits can be obtained.
微流量控制系统示意图 (1.旋转控制头 2 节流管汇3中央数据采集控制系统) 钻井过程申的地层漏失
微流量控制控压钻井系统由三部分组成: 节流管汇、各种高精度传感器和中央数据采集控制系统。微流量控制系统的工作原理是通过高精度传感器测量流入井筒和流出井筒流体的体积，中央数据采集控制系统根据传感器的数据分析、对比两种流量的大小，判定井下事故，然后通过控制中心自动控制节流系统，或发出警报提醒钻井技师井下所发生的事故， 并能给出相应的处理措施供钻司参考。
The micro-flow control pressure controlled drilling system consists of three parts: throttle manifold, various high-precision sensors and central data acquisition and control system. The working principle of the microflow control system is to measure the volume of fluid flowing into and out of thewellbore through high-precision sensors, and the central data acquisition and control system determines the downhole accident according to the data analysis of the sensor and compares the size of the two flows, and then automatically controls the throttling system through the control center, or issues an alarm to remind the drilling technician of the accident that occurs downhole, and can give corresponding treatment measures for the reference of the drill.
微流量控制系统有两种工作模式;标准模式和特殊模式标准模式是专门为过平衡钻井而设计， 可在一、二个井段成全井使用。标准模式可用于任何井或钻机，它不需要对原有的井身设计和井控程序做任何修改。传统工艺中的所有操作程序也无须变动，接单根、起下钻、测井、下套管和固井等。仅通过打开旋转控制头使流体由正常管线排出即可恢复传统钻井作业。微流量
控制的特定稳式是用在井筒内出现欠平衡状况或钻井液浓密度低于地层坍塌压力时。这种模式在考虑安全和井控的情况下需专门的操作程序。在流体循环中断的情况下需在地表施加回压。
There are two working mo des of the micro -flow control system; the standard mode and special mode standard mode are designed specifically for balanced drilling, which can be used in one or two wells. The standard mode can be used for any well or drill, and it does not need to modify the original body design and well control program. All the operating procedures in traditional craftsmanship do not need to change, connecting single roots, starting drilling, measuring wells, lower pipes, and well -solid wells. Only by opening the rotation control head to discharge the fluid from the normal pipeline, you can restore traditional drilling operations. Flow
The controlled specific stability is used when the balance of balance or the density of the drilling solution is lower than the strata collapse pressure. This model requires special operation procedures when considering security and well control. Back pressure should be applied on the surface when the fluid cycle is interrupted.
Secure Drilling系统的节流管汇示意图 Halliburton公司的MPD系统节流管汇示意图
Halliburton公司的MPD系统示意图 Schlumberger公司的MPD系统节流管汇示意图
Weatherford公司Secure. Drilling是控压钻井技术的一种实现方式。Secure Dri11ing为提高钻井效率、降低作业费用、提高钻井作业安全性而研发的。其主要理念是：产生压力剖面接近于由地层孔隙压力和井眼稳定、地层破裂压力所定义的作业窗口内， 使井保持“不喷不漏”。该技术不仅可用于普通井，还可用于复杂井和高风险井，如高温高压井和窄密度窗口井Secure Drilling技术通过实时监测井筒参数、控制环空压力和提供自动地溢流监测和控制的方式，切实地提高钻井安全性。
WEATHERFORD Secure. Drilling is a way of implementing the technique of controlling pressure drilling. Secure Dri11ing is developed in order to improve drill efficiency, reduce operating costs, and improve drilling operations. The main concept is: the pressure section of the pressure is close to the operating window defined by the strata pore pressure and the stability of the well eye, and the strata rupture pressure, so that the well keeps "not spray or leak". This technology can be used not only for ordinary wells, but also for complex and high -risk wells. For example, high -temperature, high -pressure wells and narrow -density window wells Secure Drilling technology can effectively improve drilling safety through real -time monitoring of the horn parameters, controlling circular pressure, and providing automatic grounding monitoring and control.
Secure Drilling系统最独特的特征是它通过高精度质量测量仪
监测返回流体流量的能力， 并可在-分钟内完成对溢流和漏失的分析、也监测和控制，使井眼内溢流流体或前漏失钻井液的体积最小。由于微流量控制技术可使钻井风险和非生产时间降至最小，并能最大程度地保证钻井的安全性和可行性，因此绝大多数井都可获益。 面对风险井、复杂井(高温高压井、窄密度窗口井)更是可获得相当可观的收益。
The most unique feature of the Secure Drilling system is that it has the ability to return fluid flow through a high-precision measuring meter monitoring, and can complete the analysis and control of overflow and leakage within minutes to minimize the volume of the internal fluid of the well or the leak of the drilling fluid in the well. Because micro -flow control technology can minimize drill risks and non -production time, and can ensure the safety and feasibility of drilling to the greatest extent, most wells can benefit. Facing risk wells, complex wells (high temperature and high -pressure wells, narrow density windows wells) can get considerable benefits.
Secure Drilling系统由全自动节流管汇、实时数据采集和控制系统、旋转防喷器等三部分组成。系统的工作原理是通过高精度传感器测量流入井筒和流出井筒和流出的体积，通过对比分析判定井下事
故，通过控制中心自动控制节流系
统，或发出警报提醒钻井技师井下所发生的事故，并能给出相应的处理措施供井司参考。系统检测到返出量大于注入量时，表明地层流体进入井筒，这时则提醒司钻增大地
表回压或增大钻井液排量。当系统检测到返出量小于注入量时，则表明井底发生钻井液漏失，系统提醒司钻减小钻井液漏失，系统提醒司钻减小钻井液排量或降低回压值。
The Secure Drilling system consists of three parts: fully automatic processing, real -time data collection and control system, and rotating anti -spray. The working principle of the system is to measure the flowing into the well in the well and the outflow of the well and out of the outflow through a high -precision sensor.
Therefore, automatically control the throttling system through the control center
Unity, or alarm reminding the accidents in the well -inferiority of drilling technicians, and can give corresponding treatment measures for reference. When the system detects that the return volume is greater than the injection volume, it indicates that the stratigraphy fluid enters the well cylinder.
Table back pressure or increased drilling liquid discharge. When the system detects that the return volume is less than the injection volume, it indicates that the drilling fluid leakage occurs at the bottom of the well, and the system reminds that the drilling drilling liquid leakage is reminded, and the system reminds the drilling drilling solution displacement or lower voltage value.
Secure Drilling系统最突出的特征是利用高精度质量流量计对钻井液注入和返出量的精确测量，利用独特的流量处理软件对流量进行平滑处理。另外Secure DriILi ng系统可在流入量小于80L时检测到溢流，并可在120秒内控制溢流，使地层流体的总溢流体积小于900L，这是其它控压钻井系统都无法比拟的。
The most prominent feature of the Secure Drilling system is that the high -precision quality flowmeter is used to accurately measure the drilling fluid injection and return volume, and the flow processing with unique traffic processing software is smoothly processed. In addition, the Secure Driili NG system can detect the overflow when the flow volume is less than 80L, and can control the overflow within 120 seconds, so that the total overflow volume of the strata fluid is less than 900L, which is unmatched by other pressure drilling systems.
2005年至2006初， Secure Drilling系统在Louisiana 州立大学成功地了进行了多次实验。2006年初，巴两国家石油公司为评估Secure Drilling技术，决定在四口井上应用该技术。2006年8月， Petrobras首先将该系统用于位于巴西东北部一口井的8 1/2英寸的井眼段，该井段使用水基钻井液， 5天完成556m的进尺。2006年9月，Chevron公司将Secure Drilling系统用于一口位于南德克萨斯的深井。Socure Drilling系
统在7天内完成了845m，8 12英寸井眼的钻进作业。在此次应用过程中，该系统成功地监测到接单根时井底发生的气体溢流，证明了Secure Drilljng系统的可靠性和可重复性。在两次应用的基础上再次对系统进行了修改和完善。改善后的系统有被Petrobras用于后续井的钻井作业，应用模式既有标准模式也有特定模式。
From 2005 to early 2006, the Secure Drilling system successfully conducted many experiments at Louisiana State University. In early 2006, in order to evaluate the Secure Drilling technology, Pakistani National Petroleum decided to apply the technology on the Sikou well. In August 2006, Petrobras first used the system to use the 8 1/2 -inch well -eye section located in a well in northeast Brazil. The well section used the water -based drilling fluid to complete the 556m feet in 5 days. In September 2006, CHEVRON used the Secure Drilling system to a deep well located in South Texas. Socure Drilling Department
The 845m, 8 12 -inch well completed within 7 daysEye drill into the homework. In this application process, the system successfully monitored the gas overflow at the bottom of the well at the bottom of the well, proved the reliability and repetitiveness of the Secure Drilljng system. On the basis of two applications, the system was modified and improved again. The improved system has drilled operations used by Petrobras for subsequent wells. The application mode has both standard mode and specific models.
Secure Drilling系统的优势在于对传统钻井工艺设计和钻机仅需较小改动， 特别是应用标准模式时，几乎不需对作业人员做任何培训，所有的钻井工序都无需变化。系统可快速监测出钻井液失量和地层流体的涌入量，并能有效对其采取相应的处理措施，使流体溢出、漏失量最小。Secure DriIIing技术可有校地降低钻井费用、提高钻井效率和钻井安全性。2008年Secure Drilling系统获得第一个商业作业合同。最近，Secure Drilling钻井系统在中东的一口井中有效解决了井涌、泥浆漏失、压差卡钻等多种钻井难题，整个控制压力钻井期间实现了非生产时间为零的目标，钻井深度比以前增加了近50% 。
The advantage of the Secure Drilling system is that only small changes to traditional drilling process design and rigs are required. Especially when applying standard mode, there is almost no need to train operators, and all drilling processes need not be changed. The system can quickly monitor the amount of drilling liquid loss and the influx of stratigraphy fluids, and can effectively take corresponding treatment measures to make the fluid overflow and the leakage. Secure DRIIIII and Technology
Can be reduced by school and ground to reduce drilling costs, improve drilling efficiency and drilling safety. In 2008, the Secure Drilling system obtained the first commercial work contract. Recently, the Secure Drilling drilling system effectively solved a variety of drilling problems such as well flushing, mud leakage, and pressure difference card diamonds in a well in the Middle East. During the entire control pressure drilling, the goal of non -production time was zero, and the drilling depth increased by nearly 50% compared to the previous.
2006年-2007年， Secure钻井公司共为雪佛龙公司打了4口评价井，其中一口是在南得克萨斯打深井。钻这口井使用的是油基钻井液和大型钻机，钻机的自动化程度较高并装备了顶驱。这口井的油井设计增加了复杂性和难度。首先，在12-1/4in 井段有时其机械钻速要接近300ft/h，而排量达到700GPM. 在日8-1/2in 井段的l3OOOft处，钻井液密度要达到17ppg。在钻12-1/4in井眼对Secure 钻井系统占进行了试验，目的是证明该系统具有持续保持大排累及良好的携屑能力。在这次试验中，Secure 钻井系统在排量为800GPM和钻速高于250ft/h 的情况下没有发生，需要处理的复杂问题。
From 2006 to 2007, Secure Diamond Corporation made 4 evaluation wells for Chevron, one of which was a deep well in South Texas. Drilling this well uses oil -based drilling fluids and large drilling rigs. The degree of automation of the rig is high and equipped with top drives. The oil well design of this well increases complexity and difficulty. First, at the 12-1/4in well, sometimes its mechanical diamond speed is close to 300ft/h, and the displacement reaches 700GPM. At the L3oooft of the 8-1/2in well in the day, the drilling liquid density must reach 17ppg. In the drilling 12-1/4in well, the SECURE drilling system occupied the test, the purpose is to prove that the system has the ability to continuously maintain a good dandruff. In this experiment, the Secure drilling system did not occur when the displacement of 800GPM and the drill speed was higher than 250ft/h, and complex problems needed to be treated.
HaJliburton公司 DAP精细控压钻井系统
Hajliburton DAP Ye Qing fine control pressure drilling system
众所周知，窄密度窗口钻井时，在接单根和起下钻过程中，停泵和开泵都可能导致井底压力变化，从而改变环空压降或当量循环密度(ECD ) 。Halliburton公司的DAPC精细控压钻井系统利用PWD实时测量井底压力，利用回压泵和节流阀施加井底回压，利用高精度水力模拟来设计泥浆密度和回压泵及节流阀相关参数，确保井底压力波动不超过30psi ~5Opsi，实现窄泥浆密度窗口的安全钻进。
As we all know, when the narrow density window is drilled, the stop and the pump can cause changes in the bottom of the well during the connection of the single roots and down the drilling process, thereby changing the circular air pressure drop or the equivalent cycle density (ECD). Halliburton's DAPC refined pressure drilling system uses PWD to measure the pressure at the bottom of the well, use the reflection pump and the throttle valve to apply back pressure, and use high -precision hydraulic simulation to design mud density, back pressure pump and throwing valve related parameters to ensure that the pressure fluctuations at the bottom of the well do not exceed 30PSI ~ 5OPSI to achieve the narrow mud density window. Safety drill into.
Halliburton公司的精细控压钻井系统和利用适当的地面回压可防止ECD发生过大改变， 从而实现特定深度下的井底压力动态地保持不变。同Secure Drilling系统相比， DAPC系统使用的装备偏多，控制变量和控制对象也较多，对溢流和漏失量的判断还主要靠泥浆液面来判断。
Halliburton's fine -control pressure drilling system and using appropriate ground pressure to prevent ECD from changing excessive changes, thereby achieving the dynamic stress at the bottom of the well in specific depth. Compared with the SecureDrilling system, there are many equipment used by the DAPC system, and there are many control variables and control objects. The judgment of the overflow and leakage is mainly judged by the mud fluid surface.
壳牌加拿大公司采Halliburton公司的精细控压钻井系统和一种轻质钻井液体系提高了加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省东北部.Bullmoose 油田的钻井速度。该油田具有极硬的研磨性地层，厚度为1000m-1800m ，以往使用多种钻头和泥浆体系， 平均钻速仅有1.4- 2.4m/h，钻井周期长、成本高。壳牌公司应MPD技术和轻质絮凝的水基泥浆体系，在钻d-A80-A/-P-3时使钻速平均提高到4.0mlh ，与逆乳化钻井液等低失钻井液相比， ROP 增幅明显，与之前所钻的壳牌Bullmoose a- 62-F/93-P-3井相比，减少了24天钻井时间，节约成本达40%之后，壳牌公司在墨西哥湾的Auger TLP 油田实施MpD 作业，应用Halliburton公司的精细控压钻井系统技术，井底压力控制在+—0.3ppg 之间， 实现无漏失、无安全事放的良好效果。
Shell Canada uses themanaged pressure driling of Halliburton and a light drilling fluid system to improve the drilling speed of the northeast of British Columbia. Bullmoose oil field. The oilfield has a very hard polishing layer with a thickness of 1000m-1800m. In the past, it used a variety of drills and mud systems. The average drilling speed was only 1.4-2.4m/h. The drilling cycle was long and the cost was high. Shell company should increase the average diamond speed to 4.0mlh when drilling D-A80-A/-P-3 at D-A80-A/-P-3, compared with low-loss drilling fluids such as inverse emulsification drilling fluid, the ROP increase is significant. Compared with the previously drilled shell A-62-F/93-P-3 well, the shell is reduced. After 24 days of drilling time and saving 40%, shell company implements MPD operations in the Auger TLP oil field in the Gulf of Mexico, and uses themanaged pressure driling technology of Halliburton. The pressure at the bottom of the well is controlled between+-0.3ppg to achieve good results without leaks and no security
2009年,塔里木油田塔中海相碳酸盐岩油气田引进Halliburton公司的精细控压钻井系统在9口井实现了含硫化氢气田的安全开发，大幅度减少了泥浆漏失，确保了设计井深的安全钻达， 取衍了显著的经济效益。
In 2009, the refined pressure drilling system of HALLIBURTON Company, the introduction of Halliburton in the Tarim Oilfield Tagas Oilfield Tagu Oilfield, realized the safe development of the hydrogen sulfide gas field in 9 wells, greatly reducing mud leakage, ensuring the safe drilling of the design well, and obvious economic benefits.
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Keywords关键词: HaJliburton公司 DAP精细控压钻井系统 Weatherford公司 Secure Drilling 系统Schlumberger公司自动节流控压钻井系统 控压钻井 MPD(DA Managed pressure drilling)
HaJliburton DAP Fine Pressure Controlled Drilling System, Weatherford Secure Drilling System, Schlumberger Automatic Throttling and Controlled Drilling System, Controlled Pressure Drilling MPD(DA Managed pressure drilling)
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